Trace Element: Chromium (Cr) (SAAS)
Biochemistry Overview / Directory
Purpose of the test
Chromium is an abundant earth element. It exists in two main oxidation states, Cr(III) and Cr(VI), which differ greatly in their chemical properties. Cr(III) is ubiquitous in nature, and is thought to be of use in humans as a component of a glucose tolerance factor, needed to potentiate the actions of insulin. Chromium deficiency in patients on long term TPN has been linked with adult onset diabetes. The UK recommended daily intake of Cr(III) is 25 µg/day for adults and 0.1-1.0 µg/kg/day for children.
Cr(VI) is a highly corrosive, strong oxidising agent, used widely in industry. Significant dermal absorption can occur following acute dermal exposure, leading to renal tubular damage. Chronic dermal exposure can cause ulceration. Perforation of the nasal septum has been reported through chronic inhalation of Cr(VI) compounds. There is an increased risk of malignancy in such cases. Iatrogenic toxicity through over-supplementation of patients on TPN is known.
To assess acute exposure, whole blood or urine can be analysed. For assessing supplementation with chromium, plasma is preferred, and for occupational exposure, urine is best analysed. In all cases, extra care should be taken to avoid chromium contamination.
Reference Range
Serum/plasma: <10 nmol/L
Blood: <40 nmol/L
Urine (24h): <2.2 nmol/L
Random urine: <20 nmol/mmol creatinine
N.B.: Occupational exposure will lead to significantly elevated Cr concentrations
Sample Requirements
Serum/plasma (500 µL)(anticoagulant-free, EDTA, heparin)
Blood (1mL) (EDTA, heparin)
Urine (20 mL)
Storage and Transport
Stable at 4°C for at least two days. Send by overnight first class post.
PDF Request Form
Download Trace Element: Chromium (Cr) (SAAS) Request Form
Turnaround Time
1-2 weeks
Price
Price available on application - please contact adrianturner1@nhs.net. Discounts could be available for significant workloads.
References
Dr Kishor Raja
Tel: 020 3299 4127
e-mail: kishor.raja@nhs.net
